Etched glass or plastic, also known as frosted glass or frosted plastic, is made from clear or stained glass or plastic whose surface has been finely textured by sandblasting, diamond tools, or acid washes and has a milky-white appearance. Patterns are created by cutting designs into rubber resist adhesive stencils. Sandblasting and acids only etch the cut-out parts of the stencil. Fine detailed artwork is accomplished with hand-held Dremel-type moto-tools fitted with small diamond burrs and disks. Etched portions can be painted to obtain a milky color other than white. Etched glass is not stained glass. But we included this separate etched glass section in the Image Archive since they are so similar in function and use. Some sundials have both stained and etched glass pieces in them, making them difficult to classify, so I follow this rule: If most of the sundial is of stained glass, then I put it in the stained glass section, otherwise I classify it as etched glass. The best website on etched glass in general is: Etchmaster

Etched Glass Sundials 18th Century (1700's)

Dial 144	Dial 147
The Zurich Pinhole Dial Maker: unknown Date: 1780 Original Location: 46° N. unknown. Tessin (Swiss canton) Present Location: Museum der Zeitmessung Beyer (Beyer Museum of Time Measurement) in Zurich Switzerland Orientation: vertical. declines south-southwest Size: 13.3 x 8.7 cm Adornment: dark brown Italic hour lines 15-23, zodiacal symbols Capricorn and Cancer Inscription: undetermined Condition: unknown Photo: This photo and information is copied from a videotape movie and transcript by Hans Behrendt called "Historische Glassonnenuhren" 1989 Comment: Oldest known etched glass sundial. Frosted glass pane in small walnut wood box (18 x 13.5 x 3 cm) with pin hole in bottom to direct sun rays. On the right side there are two mountings to fasten it to the window frame. We need more information and better photos of this lost dial and an English translation of the videotape transcript. Original Photo: Here Videotape Transcript of Dial 144 only: Here Website: Museum der Zeitmessung Beyer: Here	The Warsaw Crown Dial Maker: unknown Date: possibly 1788 Original Location: unknown exactly. Warsaw Poland Present Location: unknown Orientation: vertical. declination unknown Size: unknown Adornment: undetermined Inscription: undetermined Condition: unknown Photo: This photo and information are copied from a videotape movie and transcript by Hans Behrendt called "Historische Glassonnenuhren" 1989 Comment: We need more information and better photos of this lost dial and an English translation of the videotape transcript. Original Photos: Here, Here Videotape Transcript of Dial 147 only: Here

Etched Glass Sundials 19th Century (1800's)

Dial 148
The Zurich Pestalozzi Dial Maker: engineer Major Heinrich Pestalozzi II. (1790-1857) Date: 1809 Original Location: Lat: 47°22' N. pane in house "Zum Ellstecken", Trittlingasse in Zurich Switzerland Present Location: at original location Orientation: vertical. declines East 35° 39' Size: 22 x 22 cm Adornment: dial with zodiacal signs and hour lines 6-12-6 quarter and ten minute division, Horizon and substyle line. Inscription: "Vertical dial for latitude 47° 22' and east deviation 35° 39' H. Pestalozzi 1810 Condition: unknown Photo: Dial cut into clear window pane. Gnomon with perforated disk. The sundial is protected as public monument. A nearly identical dial by Pestalozzi from 1809 is in the archive of the Swiss Observatory in Zurich. This photo and information are copied from a videotape movie and transcript by Hans Behrendt called "Historische Glassonnenuhren" 1989 Comment: We need more information and better photos of this lost dial and an English translation of the videotape transcript. Original Photo: Here Videotape Transcript of Dial 148 only: Here

Etched Glass and Plastic Sundials 20th Century (1900's)

Dial 188	Dial 8	Dial 50
The Diaphnie Dial	A Projection Date and Time Heliochronometer	A Diptych Projection Sundial
	(a working prototype)	(a working prototype)
Designer: unknown Maker: n/a Date: 1903 Original Location: n/a Present Location: n/a Orientation: vertical, adjustable declination Size: unknown Mottos: none Condition: n/a Photo: This poor quality photo and information are copied from a videotape movie by Hans Behrendt called "Neuzeitliche Glassonnenuhren" (Modern Glass Sundials) 1990. Comment: The 'Deutschen Uhrmacherzeitung' (German Clockmakers Journal) of 1903 reported on a "Diaphnie" sundial. Diaphanie means translucent picture. Behrendt calls it an eye sundial. The dial is part of a hemisphere. Toward the window the hemisphere is covered with a round dark stained glass plate with a central small hole through which a bright sunray passes and shines on the hour number ring. Fitted in a frame, this sundial can be hung in front of a window pane. The number ring can be adjusted to the window's declination. The advantage of this design is that no gnomon needs to be attached to the window. A gnomon in front of a free-hanging window pane is very inconvienient. There is no evidence that this sundial was ever built. Article by Fred Sawyer (121 KB): (August 1994) A Stained Glass Diptych Pattern. "The Compendium" Vol. 1-3 pgs. 6-8 NASS: Here Article by Robert Terwilliger (63 KB): (pen name: Ave Amici. L. Papirius Cursor) (March 1995). Ave Amici. "The Compendium" Vol. 2-1 pg. 12 NASS: Here Article by Thibaud Taudin-Chabot (82 KB): (August 1994) A Transparent Window Dial. "The Compendium" Vol. 1-3 pgs. 6-8 NASS: Here Original Photo: Here	Maker: E Roebroeck Date: unknown (late 1900's) Original Location: 53°10.2' N, 6°36.7' E; Haren, Netherlands, Groningen province Present Location: unknown Orientation: unknown Size: unknown (large) Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Comment: This type of dial was invented in 1994 by Dutch dialist Thibaud Taudin-Chabot. There are no known full-scale examples of this extremely rare sundial type installed anywhere! When lit by the sun, the sundial face on the glass projects its image onto a receiving surface. In a building, this could be a wall or a floor. The sundial doesn't have a fixed gnomon attached. Instead, the gnomon is simply a dot on the receiving surface. As the sun moves across the sky, the projected sundial image moves across the receiving surface. The location of the dot gnomon on the projected image indicates the correct time and can also indicate the date.The lack of a three dimensional gnomon makes this type of dial more resistant to damage. Projection dials must have transparent glass or plastic that's colored or clear. They can't have translucent opalescent glass. This dial has a plastic face has drilled hourly analemmas that project an image on the receiving surface with dot gnomon. Shows Standard Time on the hour and the current date Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Thibaud Taudin-Chabot	Maker: Robert Terwilliger, USA Date: 1994 Original Location: for 40º N. (adjustable) Present Location: At maker's location Orientation: south facing dial has two faces oriented SE and SW Size: Model is 5 1/2" without column, If built to full size, receiving surface would be about 2-3 feet below eye level. Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: Original felt tip pen coloring is now faded. Comment: This type of dial was recently invented in 1994 by Dutch dialist Thibaud Taudin-Chabot. There are no known full-scale examples of this extremely rare sundial type installed anywhere! When lit by the sun, the sundial face on the glass projects its image onto a receiving surface. In a building, this could be a wall or a floor. The sundial doesn't have a fixed gnomon attached. Instead, the gnomon is simply a dot on the receiving surface. As the sun moves across the sky, the projected sundial image moves across the receiving surface. The location of the dot gnomon on the projected image indicates the correct time and can also indicate the date.The lack of a three dimensional gnomon makes this type of dial more resistant to damage. Projection dials must have transparent glass or plastic that's colored or clear. They can't have translucent opalescent glass. This is a plastic stand-alone dial. 1/4" foam board Image projection receiving surface has rounded brass nail head nodus.Dial is horizontal or angled on a plinth. Tells time, equinoxes and solstices. Time says 2:30 on this dial and the date is early fall. Based on original concepts by Fred Sawyer and Thibaud Taudin-Chabot. Photo heavily restored. Original Photo: Here Article by Fred Sawyer (121 KB): (August 1994) A Stained Glass Diptych Pattern. "The Compendium" Vol. 1-3 pgs. 6-8 NASS: Here Article by Robert Terwilliger (63 KB): (pen name: Ave Amici. L. Papirius Cursor) (March 1995). Ave Amici. "The Compendium" Vol. 2-1 pg. 12 NASS: Here Article by Thibaud Taudin-Chabot (82 KB): (August 1994) A Transparent Window Dial. "The Compendium" Vol. 1-3 pgs. 6-8 NASS: Here Email: bobt@tw gsdigs.com and Thibaud Taudin-Chabot Website: Twig's Digs

Dial 18	Dial 26	Dial 122
The Hartman Skylight Dial Maker: Claude Hartman Date: 1999 Original Location: porch roof, Arroyo Grande, CA, USA Present Location: original location Orientation: Horizontal Size: unknown (large) Adornment: hourly analemmas Mottos: none Condition: unknown Comment: The only known full-scale ceiling transparent sundial. Face is shade cloth. Gnomon is simply a gap in another shade cloth placed above the sundial face. Note how it uses a bright slash of sunlight (or "antishadow") to mark the hour! Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Claude Hartman, sunlightdesigns@cs-collectibles.com	The Eversden Parva Dial Designer: George Higgs Artisan: David Gulland Date: unknown Original Location: private collection, somewhere in England Present Location: unknown Orientation: declines to west Size: 7" (178mm) x 9" (229mm) Adornment: wild boar in country, The Equation of Time Mottos: none Adornment: wild boar in country, The Equation of Time, the inscription: "Eversden Parva" Condition: excellent Comment: etched glass for window hanging. Designed to hang 1" (25.4mm) in front of a window's interior side. Dial has an aperture gnomon that's a dot painted on the house's window with a tiny hole in its center that casts a light beam onto the etched glass dial face. Original Photo: Here	A Focusing Cylinder Dial Maker: W.G. Benoy from Newark, Nottinghamshire England Date: 1983 Original Location: in private collection in Holland. Lat: 52°18'15"N, Long: 4°51'06"E. Present Location: at original location Orientation: in an equatorial orientation for the owner's latitude Size: 50 cm diameter Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: good Comment: Equatorial dial that uses a cylinder of water to focus a ray of light on the timescale. Mounted on stone. Was a gift from the maker in 1983. Adjustable for longitude. Shows summer time only. Another Benoy dial of this type is also on display in the British Science Museum in London. Original Photo: Here Website: The British Science Museum

Dials 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 and 95 (left to right)

The Rafael Soler Refraction Dials Maker: Dr. Rafael Soler Gayá, famous Spanish dialist. Date: all dials made in 1999 Original Location: Lat: 39.6° N, Long: 3.4° E. Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain Present Location: various unknown locations in Spain. Dial 95 is in a private collection at Lat: 37º 59' 58" N, Long: 01º 07' 55" W. Murcia Spain Orientation: Dials 83 to 87 appear to be due south dials. Dial 83, 84 and 85 are perpendicular to the meridian (polar dials with nonparallel hour lines). Dial 86 is vertical and Dials 87 and 95 are horizontal. Size: variable, but all are small enough to be portable Adornment: a sun and various logo designs, dates, latitudes and longitudes. Dial 95 has latitudes of major cities, a sun face, East and West marks, signs of the zodiac, maker's name, logo. Mottos: Dials 83 and 85: Temps Verdater ('True time' in Catalan language), Dial 86: Tempora Tempore Tempera, Dial 95: Tempus Verum Condition: unknown Comment: All dials are rare refraction sundials made from metacrilato (acrylics). The gnomon is the intersection of an etched cross or dot on the dial's south-facing backside. It casts a bent refracted image through the thick acrylic and onto the face. To design the faces, Dr. Soler used special mathematical calculations that considered the material's light refractive index and thickness. All dials tell the time and date. Dials 83,87 and 95 are self-orienting and therefore also function as compasses. Dial 95 is a rare refraction bifilar sundial. Its gnomon is the intersection of a black etched east/west line on the dial's face with a vertical post. It casts a bent refracted image through the thick acrylic and onto the face. All dials were presented as gifts from the Balear government and are part of a series. Original Photos: Dial 83, Dial 84, Dial 85, Dial 86a, Dial 86b, Dial 87a, Dial 87b, Dial 95 Mailing Address: Rafael Soler Gayá, CL Tous i Maroto 6, 1-2, 07001 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain Websites: Asociación de Amigos de los Relojes de Sol and Pdf of Dial Descriptions

Dial 105		Dial 25
The "Et Pourtant, Elle Tourne" Dial Dial Designer: René Rioux Glass Artisans: Michèle Lapointe & René Rioux Date: 1995 Original Location: Bibliothèque Municipale, Ile Bizard (Public library, Bizard Island), Québec Canada Lat: 45.49° N. Long: 73.88° W. Present Location: At original location Orientation: due South Size: Gnomon is 3m. long, Dial is 1.8 x 3.75m. (5.9 x 12.3 ft.) Adornment: decorative irregular glass shapes, arrows, lines and dots. Mottos: none Condition: excellent Comment: Largest known glass sundial in the world and oldest known Canadian glass sundial. It has alternating wide and thin clear plate glass vertical sections that are sandblasted and joined together. UV acrylic glue was used to attach brass bars and pieces of colored stained waterglass. Numerals are metal strips positioned beneath etched chapter ring. Arrows are hourlines. Small parts from old clocks and appliances are used. This work of modern art was named: "et pourtant, elle tourne" ("and yet, it turns"), and probably quotes Galileo recanting the recantation of his heresy following the Papal Inquisition. The simple geometrical forms point to pre-Copernican theories of the cosmos. And, in memory of Galileo, the distribution of mural's elements isn't done as the arc of circle, but as the elliptic trajectory of the earth's orbit. Original Photos: Here, Here, Here, Here Websites: Michèle Lapointe and Michèle Lapointe & René Rioux and Ile-Bizard Email: Michèle Lapointe & René Rioux		The Oglesby Deck Dial Maker: Mac Oglesby Date: 1991 Original Location: Lat: 36.8º N. Long: 81.8º W. private residence, Glade Spring, VA, USA Present Location: private collection, Brattleboro VT, USA Orientation: declines 27º east Size: 12" x 12" (30 x 30 cm) Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: excellent Comment: 12" square Plexiglas in redwood frame. Gnomon glued to plastic. Black hour dots are 1/4" dimples drilled into the sunny side, then painted black before the entire sunny side was sanded (for paint adhesion) and sprayed yellow. Not too thick, not too thin, just the right amount of paint for proper translucence. Vinyl, self-adhesive numerals and letters. Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Mac Oglesby

Dial 97	Dials 113, 114, 115	Dial 121
The Pollähne Dial Maker: Erich Pollähne, deceased January, 2005 Date: unknown, but probably 1990's Original Location: West Germany Present Location: private collection in Spain Orientation: adjustable for any location. Size: 66mm diameter face Adornment: The Equation of Time graph Mottos: none Inscription: Eversden Parva Condition: fair Comment: Precise universal equatorial acrylic dial that's adjustable for latitude, longitude and the Equation of Time. Has magnetic compass and bubble level but can also function as a sun compass. Gnomon is the base of a cone which focuses a ray of sunlight that indicates the time. Original Photos: Here, Here Contact: Erich Pollähne's telephone was: 05103/8425 (in Germany) Email: 052033447@t-online.de	The Owens Reflected Table-top Dials Designer & Maker: Robert Owens Date: 1996 Original Location: Lat: 45° 10' N, Long: 5° 43' E. In a private residence in Grenoble, France Present Location: at original location Orientation: due South declination, horizontal inclination. Size: Dial face: unknown but small, Mirror: unknown but small Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Comment: Unique 3 dimensional variation of traditional glass dials. Horizontal dial face isn't meant to be seen directly. Instead, a mirror below the face, inclined at a 45° angle, reflects an image of the bottom of the glass plate. Gnomon is angled glass edge above a frosted glass horizontal dial face. Like an ordinary horizontal dial, it casts a shadow onto the top the glass face. Owens developed basic concept in early 1985. Similar to Dial 112 in design. Original Photos: Dial 113, Dial 114, Dial 115 Email: Robert Owens	The Vinzenz Combination Dial Maker: Philippi Vinzenz Date: unknown, probably late 1900's Original Location: unknown. Possibly somewhere in Germany. Present Location: unknown Orientation: This dial can be used as a vertical South or North Dial. Size: large, size unknown Adornment: a sun at dial center Mottos: none Inscription: "Kombi Sonmenuhr, Verticale, Nord-Sudsunenuhr" Mottos: none Condition: unknown Comment: Unique North and South vertical sundial design shows Longitude corrected solar time and the times and locations of sunrises and sunsets on the equinoxes and solstices. Looks like face is etched glass with glued-on numerals and sun. We are looking for more information on this dial. Original Photos: Here , Here

Dial 196	Dial 187	Dial 193
The Light Spot Dial Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: In private collection in Hedingen Switzerland Orientation: adjustable declination and latitude Size: unknown Adornment: none Inscriptions: "Lichpunkt Sonnenuhr" ("light spot sundial"); "korrektur äugengrad" Mottos: none Condition: excellent Photos: Photos courtesy of Klaus Leckebusch 2004 Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Comment: A table-top dial. Iwan Kahn developed this new way to focus light onto the dial face by using a cylindrical lens in order to avoid the usual problems with gnomon attachment. In these photos the lens is visible with 24 optical fiber bundles, each of which has 6 optic fibers, making a total of 144 optic fibers- one for every five minutes. Sunrays falling parallel to the lens appear as a bright line on the coaxially arranged half ring, the light conductor. In this ring the ends of multiple optic fibers are embedded over its whole length. These cables send the light to the time indicator ring on the dial face where a point of light tells the time. Since the cables are flexible, the lens can be adjusted to the correct declination for any window. See drawing of lens: Here Original Photos: Here, Here, Here Kahn's Comments: Here Kahn's Article: English Translation 1MB Kahn's Brochure on his Garden Sundials: Here Kahn's Brochure in German (PDF 2.9 MB): Here Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn	The Concentric Glass Balls Sundial Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry. Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: unknown Orientation: polar axis equatorial dial. adjustable declination Size: outer ball diameter approx. 10 cm. Adornment: The time numerals are annealed using red glow heat. All metal parts are gilded. Inscriptions: hourly analemmas Mottos: none visible Condition: unknown Photos: Courtesy of Iwan Kahn Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Kahn's Article: Here Comment: A patented table-top sundial. (Pat.CH 667969-B5). This dial does not use optic fibers and stained glass like Kahn's other dials. Instead, a small hand-blown glass ball filled with colored liquid on the inside acts as a lens, focusing the sunrays to the dial on the inside of the outer glass ball. Here, hourly analemma loops for The Equation of Time are drawn next to the hour numerals for Standard Time readings. The time reading takes place from the outside, or through the ball, or by the adjustable mirror. The relatively heavy mirror serves also as a counterweight and provides for stability. The wood support accommodates the compass necessary to find the north-south direction. Original Photo: Here Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn	The Glass Hemispherium Dial Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: unknown Orientation: polar axis equatorial-type dial that mimics a Chaldean hemispherium. Size: "angular" sundial, approx. 14 x 14 x 7 cm. approx. 2 kg glass "round" sundial, Diameter approx. 14cm x 7 cm deep. Adornment: none Inscriptions: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Photo: Copied from Kahn's article. Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Kahn's Article: Here Kahn's Brochure on his Garden Sundials: Here Comment: A table-top or garden sundial. The glass body of this sundials is melted in a fireproof mold in a furnace: The fireproof mould results from casting the model of the sundial with a gypsum-like mass. The mould is filled with glass granulate, which determines color and transparency. The filled mold goes through a burn cycle in the furnace, up to approximately 850 degrees centigrade (1550 Fahrenheit). After cooling, the mold is destroyed. The glass body was then cut and polished. Then the time scale and the shadow staff are fixed in place. Original Photo: Here Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn

Dial 191	Dial 192	Dials 194 & 195
The Glass Ball Dial Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: unknown Orientation: polar axis equatorial-type dial. Adjustable for any latitude Size: ball diameter: 12 cm. (5 in.) Adornment: Etched hour numerals. Since the ball is also a mirror, the sky is visible in the lower ball half; the landscape under the ball in the upper. Inscriptions: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Photo: Copied from Kahn's article. Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Kahn's Article: Here Kahn's Brochure on his Garden Sundials: Here Comment: A table-top sundial. One of the simplest sundial designs consisting of only of a glass ball. The side towards the sun acts as a lens that bundles the rays and throws them on the back of the ball. There, a bright circular spot forms. This circular spot represents the sun as it moves as a time pointer over the hour lines let in on this side. The time reading is simple: The circular area touches or covers one or two hour lines, depending upon time of day. The centre of the circular area is easy to find, and this is the current time of day. The "sun circle" equally covers the hour lines 12h (&XII) and 11h so the current time on the photo lies in between, thus 11:30 h. The ball holder is built in such a manner that the ball can simply be turned through one hour to go from standard to summer time. Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn	The Glass Ball and Concentric Ring Dial Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: unknown Orientation: polar axis equatorial-type dial. Adjustable for any latitude Size: Diameter of the glass ball approx. 150 mm. (6 in.). Weighs several kilograms. Adornment: none Inscriptions: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Photos: Left photo courtesy of Iwan Kahn; right photo copied from Kahn's article. Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Kahn's Article: Here Kahn's Brochure on his Garden Sundials: Here Comment: A table-top sundial. The glass ball focuses the sunlight on the concentric glass half-ring with annealed numerals that surround it. This light spot moves along the time scale depending on the position of the sun, and so serves as a time pointer. The metal parts are for aligning the sundial towards the south and according to longitude and latitude. The sundial is built on a glass base. Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn	The Clear Horologium Dials Designer & Maker: Mr. Iwan Kahn, Swiss member of the German Society of Chronometry Date: unknown exactly, late 1900s Original Location: Was made in either Wallisellen or Dietlikon Switzerland (both places are near Zurich). Present Location: unknown Orientation: vertical. adjustable declination Size: unknown Adornment: a sun and primitive roman numerals Inscriptions: none Mottos: none Condition: unknown Photos: Left photo copied from Kahn's article, right photo courtesy of Mr. Kahn. Cover of Sundial Owner's Manual: Here Comment: A window hanging dial. (Pat. CH 55-2239). Iwan Kahn developed this new way to focus light onto the dial face by using a cylindrical lens in order to avoid the usual problems with gnomon attachment. Above the pane the lens is visible. Sunrays falling parallel to the lens appear as a bright line on the coaxially arranged half ring, the light conductor. In this ring the ends of multiple optic fibers are embedded over its whole length. These cables send the light to the time indicator ring on the dial face where a point of light tells the time. Since the cables are flexible, the lens can be adjusted to the correct declination for any window. See drawing of lens: Here Original Photos: Dial 194, Dial 195 Kahn's Comments: Here Kahn's Article: English Translation 1MB Email: Iwan Kahn Website: Iwan Kahn

Dial 16	Dial 49
The Bateman Noon Dial	The Beccheroni Dial

Dial 27	Dial 305
The George Higgs Memorial Dial Glass Engraver: David Gulland Designer and Delineator: John Higgs, son of George Higgs Date: 1994 Original Location: Lat: 54° 50' N; Long: 4° 03' W. On the second floor at rear of the building. Tolbooth Art Centre, Kirkcudbright, Scotland Present Location: original location Orientation: vertical, declines 30° West of South Size: unknown Adornment: The window dial in Kirkcudbright is divided into four panes, three of which depict Galloway sundials associated with Higgs. The engraving in the fourth pane is of a vertical declining dial and graph of the equation of time to enable the correction for Greenwich Mean Time to be applied. Also etched are The Equation of Time and British Sundial Society logo. Mottos: None Inscriptions: 1900 GRH 1994, BSS Condition: excellent Comment: Four pane window of double pane etched glass installed by members of the British Sundial Society to honor the distinguished work of BSS chairman, George Higgs (1900 -1994). for his design and restoration of sundials in Scotland. Sundial is in lower right pane. The gnomon is an engraved spot on the outer pane and which casts its shadow on the abraded surface of the inner pane was an original concept designed by Higgs. He discovered subsequently that this idea had first been suggested in 17th century France. Open to the public. Original Photo: Here Article by David Young (384 KB): (1997) The George Higgs Memorial Window: Here Photo of Sundial Pane: Here Transformed photo with black and white glass on false color background: Here Websites: Tolbooth Art Centre and Kirk Cudbright and Museum and 24 Hour Museum	The Gulland/Higgs Window Sill Dial Glass Engraver: David Gulland Designer and Delineator: By George Higgs (1900 - 1994) at the youthful age of 91 Date: 1990 Original Location: In a southwest declining kitchen window sill in a cottage in Aberllyn, North Wales, Great Britain Present Location: original location Orientation: vertical, declines towards the Southwest by an unknown amount Size: unknown Adornment: Etched into the glass is a beautiful landscape scene of the owner's remote mountain cottage with trees in the winter. Mottos: None Inscriptions: the Equation of Time, The word: "ABERLLYN", the date: 1990, and David Gulland's signature Condition: excellent Comment: A stand alone table top window of double pane etched glass. The nodus spot is on a rear pane about an inch away from the etched glass in front. It casts its shadow on the etched surface of the front pane. This nodus design was an original concept designed by Higgs. He discovered subsequently that this idea had first been suggested in 17th century France. Original Photo: Here Photos: courtesy of David Young 2005 Email: David Young

Etched Glass and Plastic Sundials 21st Century (2000's)

Dial 125	Dials 9, 72, 76, and 98 (Left to Right)	Dial 140
The Majó Dial	The Spectra Dials	The City Sundial

Dials 21 - 23	Dial 80	Dial 20
The Grotto Dials	A Beccheroni Dial	The La Sapienza Noon Dial
Maker: Alessandro Grotto Date: 2000 Original Location: designed for Lat: 45.52° N, Long: 11.55° E. private residence, Vicenza Italy Present Location: at original location Orientation: Dials 21 & 22 decline 63° west of south; Dial 23 declines 27.22° west of south. Size: unknown Adornment: The Equation of Time Mottos: none Condition: excellent Comment: For exterior balcony railings or window sills.  The gnomon is outside, and made with a taut cable, with a small sphere for a nodus.  These dials also tell the date. Original Photos: Here , Here, Here Email: Alessandro Grotto	Maker: Ugo Beccheroni Date: 2002 Original Location: private residence. San Lazzaro, Bologna Italy Present Location: original location Orientation: due south Size: 25 x 8 x 23 cms. Adornment: Sun, zodiacal signs, The Equation of Time Mottos: Carpe Diem Condition: excellent Comment: A table-top or window sill etched Plexiglas dial. Lead shot gnomon is between the two plates and casts a shadow onto the dial face on the inner plate. A fine example from a series of similar Beccheroni dials. Original Photo: Here Email: ugobeccheroni@infinito.it	Maker: Mario Catamo, Cesare Lucarini Date: 2000 Original Location: On a large window at Faculty of Pharmacy, University "La Sapienza", Rome Italy Present Location: original location Orientation: south (?) Size: unknown Adornment: Medieval pharmacopiae alchemical symbols surround the analemma. Mottos: Hora Aetnea XII, Si Sedes Nox Is, 2000 Condition: unknown Comment: Etched Glass Face. A Standard Time noon dial that also tells the date. Unique external gnomon is a tri-focal lens system. Original Photo: Here

Dial 111	Dial 107	Dial 106
Sundial for the Blind	The Cube Dial	The Beer Glass Dial
Designer & Maker: Claude Guicheteau Date: April 2003 Original Location: Latitude: ?, Longitude: ?, Aiffres 79230, France Present Location: Aiffres 79230, France Orientation: Equatorial with polar axis Size: Sphere is 150mm (6") Adornment: none visible Mottos: none are visible Condition: unknown Comment: modern rendition of an equatorial sundial based on a design described in 1778 by Jacques Ozanam, mathematician of king Louis XIV, that used a glass ball of water to focus the sun's rays so that they successively heat up the various hour bars - thus making it possible for someone who is blind to tell the time by touch. This modern version uses a solid glass sphere instead of water-filled sphere. Original Photos: Here, Here, Here References: "The Mathematical Recreations" (1778). Serial of exercises in all the scientific domains at that time: mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry in 3 or 4 volumes. In the gnomonique section, an exercise is suggested making a sundial for blind person. Photos: Courtesy of Claude Guicheteau Design article: French and Rough English Translation	Maker: Hendrik Hollander Date: 2002 Original Location: Utrecht, The Netherlands Present Location: Amsterdam Orientation: One dial face is at azimuth 225°, the other is at 135° Size: 6x6x6cm (2.5" cube) Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: good Comment: One dial face is for January to June, the other is for July to December. Shows both Standard (Dutch: Wintertijd) and Daylight Saving Time (Dutch: Wintertijd). Dial is self-orienting: the cube will orient itself when you manually turn the sunspot onto the right date-line. Original Photos: Here, Here Email: Hendrik Hollander Website: (Dutch) and (English)	Maker: Hendrik Hollander Date: mid 2002 Original Location: Lat: 52° N, Long: 5° E. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Present Location: 200 glasses were made and are now scattered throughout The Netherlands. Orientation: variable. Glass must rest on horizontal table but works only when oriented towards the sun's direction. Size: 13.5 cm tall, 6 cm wide Adornment: URL website: Analemma.nl Mottos: none Condition: unknown Comment: The innovative idea of this etched drinking glass sundial is that you can see whether it is 5 pm so you can fill the glass with a beer. To tell Standard (clock) Time, you set the glass on a table in the sun and turn it until the shadowspot points at the right date. The glass doesn't need to be turned again. The glass will not function correctly if filled with liquid because of light refraction. Original Photo: Here Email: Hendrik Hollander Website: (Dutch) and (English) Owner's Manuals (pdf): (Dutch) and (English)

Dial 178	Dial 201
The Ahlers Aperture Dials	The Golden Wedding Dial
Designer: Dietrich Ahlers Maker: Glaserei Oelze Bremen (auf Fensterglas geästzt). Date: unknown. Probably 2004 Original Location: Lat: 52°59'0" N; Long: 8°48'19" E. At Angelser field 3, 28844 Weyhe, Germany. Present Location: at original location. Orientation: vertical, declines 33° to the West of South. Size: unknown Adornment: Split analemmas with 1st of the month date marks. Solstice and equinox hyperbolas. The upper dial also has a curve for May 8, Mr. Ahler's birthday. Both dials have two time scales: hour numerals on top tell Central European Time, and bottom numerals tell Central European Summer Time. Mottos: none Inscriptions: Top Dial: 21. Dezember - 21. Juni; Bottom Dial: 21. Juni - 21. Dezember Condition: excellent Comment: Balcony door window panel has two separate sundials etched into an inner glass pane. Each dial has hourly split analemmas for half a year that permit Standard Time readings. Both dials tell Apparent Solar Time and the date all year long. Both gnomon disks with aperture holes are etched onto outer pane and project spots of light onto the dial faces on the inner pane. Original Photos: Here, Here, Here, Here Email:Dietrich Ahlers Website: Olbers Planetarium at The University of Bremen	Co-designer and Delineator: BSS member John Wall from Kirkbymoorside, North Yorkshire Co-designer and Glass Engraver: David Gulland, glass artisan from Dumfries Date: August 7th, 2004 Original Location: At John Wall's Home, Kirkbymoorside, North Yorkshire. Lat: 54° 16' N; Long: 0° 56' W Present Location: in original location. Orientation: vertical, declines by an unknown amount towards the southeast. Size: 16.25" x 40.5". rectangular Adornment: The initials of Mr. Wall and his wife Betty are copied from their iron gate. The Equation of Time, equinox and solstice lines are included. There are four symbolic flowers at the corners: Wallflower, Morning Glory, Evening Primrose and Globe flower representing the earth spinning on its axis. The latitude and longitude are engraved. Mottos: LUX ET AMOR QUEMQUE DIEM REGUNT AB ORIENTE SOLE AD SOLIS OCCASUM ("Light and Love Rule Each Day from Sunrise to Sunset") Condition: excellent Photos: Taken 2005, courtesy of John Wall Article by John Wall (3.5 MB): (2004) Sundial for a Golden Wedding "The BSS Bulletin" No. 16 (IV) pgs. 160-162: Here Photo without Background: Here Comment: Dial commemorates the Golden Anniversary of the Walls. An aperture gnomon is located on the original outer pane of glass and shines a spot of sunlight onto the inner pane that has the engravings. Original Photos: Here, Here

Dial 207	Dial 222	Dial 342
A Peter Scherffig Noon Dial	The Italian Scherffig Noon Dial	The Scherffig Erlangen Noon Dial
Designer & Fabricator: Peter Scherffig of Erlangen Germany Glass Sandblasting: by unknown local sandblasting company Date: January, 2005 Original Location: at Mr. Scherffig's home in Erlangen, Germany 49° 35.5' N , 11° 0.5' E Present Location: in original location. Orientation: Vertical, faces due South Size: 30cm high, 21cm tall Adornment: Analemma for time-correction. M indicates high noon at local time. Inscriptions: Uhr - Glas - Uhr, transparenter vertikaler Mittagsweiser, Nr. 2005 / G1 Mottos: none Condition: excellent Comment: Mounted on a free-standing stand set outside the building. Sandblasted Glass Face. A Standard Time Noon Dial that also tells the date. Time zone at 15 ° East (MEZ). Hole - gnomon at 12cm distance. Nr. 2005 / G1. Original Photo: Here Photo of Sandblasted Surface: Here Photo of Plastic Prototype: Here Photos: courtesy of Peter Scherffig Contact: Peter Scherffig, Stettiner Str. 22, D - 91058 Erlangen, Germany Email: Peter Scherffig	Designer & Fabricator: Peter Scherffig of Erlangen Germany Glass Sandblasting: by unknown local sandblasting company Date: March, 2005 Original Location: Lat: 44° 49' N, Long: 7° 6' E. In unknown building in Serre dei Campi di Bobbio Pellice (TO), Italy Present Location: at original location. Orientation: Vertical, faces due South Size: 40cm high, 30cm tall Adornment: Coordinates of location and analemma for time-correction. M indicates high noon at local time. Inscriptions: Uhr - Glas - Uhr, transparenter vertikaler Mittagsweiser, Nr. 2005 / G1 Mottos: LUX MIDI FLUX (trans?) Condition: excellent Comment: Mounted at an angle on window casement outside the building. Sandblasted glass face. A Standard Time Noon Dial that also tells the date. Time zone of mount Etna (Sicily) at 15 ° E. (TMEC). Gnomon hole is 12cm from face. Original Photos: Here, Here Photo of Mounting Detail: Here Photos: courtesy of Peter Scherffig Contact: Peter Scherffig, Stettiner Str. 22, D - 91058 Erlangen, Germany Email: Peter Scherffig	Designer & Fabricator: Peter Scherffig of Erlangen Germany Glass Sandblasting: by unknown local sandblasting company Date: mounted July 2006 Original Location: Lat: 49° 35.5' N; Lon: 11° 0.5' E. at Stettiner Strasse 22 91058, Erlangen Germany Present Location: at original location. Orientation: Inclination: vertical, Declination: due South Size: height: 35cm (13.8”), width: 28cm (11”) Adornment: analemma for time-correction. Coordinates of location. M indicates high noon at local time. Motto: HOMO FABER, HOMO LUDENS (Trans: “man (sometimes) works, man (sometimes) gambles”) Condition: excellent Comment: Sandblasted Glass Face. A Standard Time Noon Dial that also tells the date. Time zone at 15 ° East (MEZ). Aperture gnomon 14cm from face. You can read the dial from either the front or the backside (but text is reversed). Photos: courtesy of Peter Scherffig 2006 Original Photos: Here, Here, Here Email: Peter Scherffig

Dial 403	Dial 303	Dial 304
The Peter Scherffig Erlangen Noon Dial Designer and Maker: Peter Scherffig of Erlangen, Germany Date: Dec 2005 to Jan 2006, mounted July 2006 Original Location: Erlangen, Stettiner Strasse 22 , Germany at 49° 35,5' N , 11° 0,5' E . Present Location: in original location Orientation: Vertical, faces due South Size: 35cm high, 28cm tall Adornment: Analemma for time-correction. Coordinates of location. M indicates high noon at local time Mottos: HOMO FABER, HOMO LUDENS. Trans: Man Works, Man Plays Inscriptions: none Condition: new , excellent Comment: Sandblasted Glass Face. A Standard Time Noon Dial that also tells the date. Time zone at 15 ° East (MEZ). Hole - gnomon at 14cm distance. Both front and back sides let you read time and date. Mr. Scherffig sent us these photos on October 17, 2006 and he passed away from cancer just eight days later on October 25, 2006. So he must have been proud of this, his last sundial. For more information, you can contact his daughter at the email address below. Original Photos: Here, Here, Here Email: Andreas Scherffig	A CD Refraction Dial Designer and Maker: Joël Robic Date: March 2005 Original Location: BRUZ - Brittany - France Present Location: at original location Orientation: equatorial sundial Size: 0.4 m Adornment: Arabic numerals for hours and South indication Mottos: none Condition: good Comment: A CD-ROM functions as an equatorial sundial without a gnomon or shadow. If you look at the gnomon axis you can see the iridescent hour line on the CD that replaces the gnomon shadow Original Photo: Here Photo and Information: courtesy of Joël Robic 2005 Email: Joël Robic Websites: Here and Here	A CD Refraction Dial Sculpture Designer and Maker: Joël Robic Date: March 2005 Original Location: BRUZ - Brittany - France Present Location: at original location Orientation: West-East. The different CDs' axis are not polar but are oriented on different hour planes Size: 4m x 2m Adornment: figures for hours Mottos: none Condition: good Comment: An original sculpture made of 46 CD ROMs moving and shining in the wind. The way to read the time is original too: you need to find which CD ROM makes the right iridescent reflection when you stand in front of them Original Photo: Here Photo and Information: courtesy of Joël Robic 2005 Email: Joël Robic Websites: Here and Here

Dial 334	Dial 335	Dial 81
The Green Glass Dial Designer and Maker: made by Pro Cutting in Las Vegas Nevada Date: unknown, probably early 2000s Original Location: unknown, probably USA Present Location: unknown Orientation: horizontal Size: unknown Adornment: none Mottos: none Inscriptions: none Condition: unknown Comment: unique ornamental all-glass sundial with a glass gnomon & face. It is has a severely flawed gnomonic design and will not function as a sundial because the hour lines do not radiate from the base of the gnomon. Original Photo: Here Website: Here	The Glass Neon Dial Designer and Maker: made by Pro Cutting in Las Vegas Nevada Date: unknown, probably early 2000s Original Location: unknown, probably USA Present Location: unknown Orientation: horizontal Size: unknown Adornment: a shark, ocean waves and ornamental circular shapes. The dial face appears to be illuminated by neon colored lighting located under an aluminum border around the glass sundial face. Mottos: none Inscriptions: none Condition: unknown Comment: unique ornamental all-glass sundial with a glass gnomon & face. It is has a severely flawed gnomonic design and will not function as a sundial because the hour lines do not radiate from the base of the gnomon. Original Photo: Here Website: Here	The Alberi-Auber Aperture DialMaker: Paolo Alberi-Auber Date: October 2002 Original Location: Lat: 45° 38' 33'' N, Long: 13° 45' 44'' E; Trieste, Italy Present Location: the same Orientation: declines 2.7° east of south Size: Base: 94cm, Height: 59cm Adornment: a bell, the fabrication date, a fly, Equation of Time values around the perimeter are given to the hyperbolic date lines. Mottos: Veritas Temporis Filia (Truth is a Daughter of Time) Condition: very good Comment: Face is sandblasted etched glass. Unusual aperture gnomon projects a beam of sunlight that shows local solar time and the date using the 10-day date lines. You read the time correction (Equation of time + time zone shift) in order to calculate Standard Mean Time (at right end are the correction values for day lines on growing declinations, at left end are decreasing ones). In this photo the light beam indicates that it is 2 pm in early November. This photo was taken on November 6th at 13:49 Standard Time as shown in digital date and hour shown on the installation photo. Notice the high precision. Original Photos: Here, Here Photo of Dial Installation: Here Email: Paolo Alberi-Auber Website: Here

Dial 13
The Shaw Double Pane Dial Maker: Mike Shaw Date: 2001 Original Location: 53° 22' N; 3° 2' W. Wirral England Present Location: at original location Orientation: declines 76° west of south Size: face: 40 x 40 cm, pane separation: 44mm Adornment: none Mottos: none Condition: excellent Comment: A prototype table-top or window sill dial. Unique double glazed etched glass design. The outer pane has an etched double arrow gnomon that casts a shadow on the sundial face of the inner pane. Tells equinoxes, solstices and the time. Original Photo: Here Email: Mike Shaw

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